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The start of 2021 has seen investors turn away from traditional favourites, with the now famous GameStop drawing global interest, new data has officially shown.

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Stats released by trading platform eToro have put GameStop at the top of the trading ladder, after it became the number one traded company in the month of January. 

Shares in the US brick-and-mortar video game company expanded by over 700 per cent in recent weeks, as amateur investors entered a tug of war on Wall Street. 

But GameStop was not alone, with a flurry of retail activity pushing up underwear company Naked and software company Blackberry into the top 10 for the first time – leapfrogging enduring favourite Apple. 

Commenting on the top 10 most bought stocks for January, Gil Shapira said incredible market volatility towards the end of January saw users adding new names to their portfolios.

“We continue to emphasise to all retail investors that it is vital to remember the basic tenets of investing: diversify and only invest in markets and instruments you are familiar with,” Mr Shapira said. 

“While it is always important to invest responsibly, investors should pay particular attention to their actions now, when share prices are so frothy. This is the time to stick to the basics and ensure your portfolio is properly diversified.”

Pharmaceutical and tech stocks also remained popular with eToro investors month-on-month, with well-known companies continuing to occupy their position on the list.

While still a favourite, Amazon took a tumble from eighth in December to 18th in January. Chinese tech giant Alibaba followed a similar trend, sliding from fifth most popular stock to the 17th position. 

“This point is very important as long-term investors nearly always have more resilient portfolios and are therefore much better placed to ride out volatile conditions,” Mr Shapira concluded.

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The start of 2021 has seen investors turn away from traditional favourites, with the now famous GameStop drawing global interest, new data has officially shown.

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Volatile stock price movements, such as that of US video-game retailer GameStop and entertainment company AMC, have captured the attention of both market spectators and international audiences. The surge in prices in the basket of stocks is brought about by a short squeeze and its options-related cousin, the gamma squeeze. 

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What does a short squeeze mean? Let’s look further into this sharemarket phenomenon, and the short selling that fuels it.

A short squeeze occurs when a stock that is heavily shorted receives positive news or a new catalyst that brings in a lot of new buyers to the stock. Short sellers (who have betted against the stock) rush to hedge their positions in the event of an adverse price movement to cover their losses.

This causes a sharp increase in demand for the stock, or a short squeeze, and consequently drives up share prices. 

How does a short squeeze happen? 

Before we understand how a short squeeze occurs, we must be familiar with the trading concept of short selling.

Shorting or short selling is when an investor places a bet that the price of stock will decline.  They do this by borrowing shares of the asset that they believe will drop in price (usually from a broker or from another investor) and sell them.

If they are right, they buy the sold shares back later at a lower price point. The borrowed shares are then returned to the lender, plus interest. Investors make a profit by pocketing the difference between the sell price and buy price. 

But what happens when they’re wrong? After all, speculation is an important factor when trading shares. An unexpected piece of favorable news (such as a positive forecast, a product announcement, or an earnings beat that excites the interest of buyers) can easily cause a rise in the stock’s share price. 

In some instances, the rally in the stock may prove to be a temporary fluke. But if it’s not, short sellers have to act fast as short sales have an expiration date. So, when a stock unexpectedly rises in price, they have to move to cover their losses. 

That’s where the short squeeze comes in. In the event that a shorted stock rises in price,  short-sellers are forced to buy at a higher price point and pay the difference between the price set and its sale price to cover their losses. 

This buying can turn into a feedback loop. Demand for the shares builds up buying pressure, which pushes the stock higher, causing even more short-sellers to buy back or cover their positions. A short squeeze happens when there is a lack of supply and an excess of demand for the stock due to short-sellers covering their positions by purchasing large volumes of stock relative to the market volume. 

What stocks are prone to a short squeeze?

Stocks with a low volume of traded shares, with small market capitalisation and small floats are more likely to experience short squeezes. But market squeezes can also involve large stocks with massive market capitalisations. 

Short squeezes are also more likely to happen when a significant percentage of a stock’s float is short and a large portion of the stock is held by long-term investors. 

A short squeeze can occur when the demand from short-sellers exceeds the supply of shares to borrow, which leads to the failure of borrow requests from prime brokers. This scenario often happens with firms that are on the brink of filing bankruptcy.

Expensive borrow rates on stocks can also facilitate a short squeeze. The high borrow rates can heighten the pressure on short sellers to cover their position. 

How does a short squeeze end?

Short squeezes typically don’t last long. This is because the rise in the stock price tends to be because of short-term technical factors than long-term fundamentals of the company. As seen in the GameStop short squeeze, the increase in prices are usually powered by human behaviour and technical factors.

This means that at some point, people will stop buying shares and lock in the gains. When all of the weak shorts are margined out of their position and the conditions for the short squeeze dissipates, the force buying also ends. This leads the stock price to crash back down to earth. 

When a short squeeze eventually loses steam, the stock price usually declines by 50 per cent within the next three to four days. 

Get all the latest news, analyses, and updates about the stock market. nestegg will provide you with expert financial advice and special features on how to invest wisely, which companies are performing well, and other information that will help you turn your investment strategy into a success.

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Volatile stock price movements, such as that of US video-game retailer GameStop and entertainment company AMC, have captured the attention of both market spectators and international audiences. The surge in prices in the basket of stocks is brought about by a short squeeze and its options-related cousin, the gamma squeeze. 

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Short selling has been a popular strategy for stock traders who are willing to take on the risk of capital loss, but the tactic’s fame has soared in recent weeks on the back of the GameStop saga. Here’s a basic explanation about this trading strategy. 

Write comment (0 Comments) " ["fulltext"]=> string(5100) "

Shorting stock or short selling involves an investor borrowing shares of a company (usually from a broker dealer), then selling that stock into the market. Short sellers are betting that the borrowed stock they sold will drop in price. If the share prices do indeed fall, then the investor will buy back those same shares at a lower price point. 

The short seller then returns the stock to the lender and makes a profit by pocketing the difference between the sell price and buy price. 

Why do people short sell? 

Short selling is not used by many investors because the general expectation is that the stocks market will rise in value. The traditional investment strategy used in stock trading is to “buy low and sell high”. This is because historically, the sharemarket tends to rally, although there are certain periods when shares decline. 

For investors looking at a long investment time horizon, buying stocks is considered to be less risky than short-selling the market. So, when is short selling advantageous? Short selling is usually used for speculation or hedging.

Speculators short sell to capitalise on the decline of a certain stock or security. An investor can take advantage of a shorting opportunity to profit from an overpriced stock or market. For example, an investor chooses to bet against a company stock that is likely to decline. It may be because a company is experiencing difficulties and could miss debt repayments.

Meanwhile, hedgers go short to protect gains or minimise losses. Hedge funds are prominent short-sellers in the markets and often utilise short positions in stocks or sectors to hedge their long positions in other stocks. This means they are protecting other long positions with offsetting short positions.

What are the pros and cons of short selling? 

Knowing the pros and cons of short-selling stocks will help you decide if it’s the investment strategy that’s right for you.

Pros

• Possibility of high profits. Short selling has a high risk/reward ratio: it’s a strategy that has high risk but also offers a high reward. If the seller predicts the price movement correctly, they can pocket a good return on investment. 
• Little initial capital required. If a seller uses margin to initiate the trade, it provides leverage to the seller. It means the trader did not need to put up much of their capital as an initial investment.
• Hedge against other holdings. If done carefully, short selling can be an inexpensive way to hedge, providing a counterbalance to other portfolio holdings. Short selling allows an investor to hedge an existing portfolio’s long-only exposure and reduce the overall market exposure of a portfolio. Exposure to both long and short positions can reduce a portfolio’s overall volatility. 

Cons

• Potentially unlimited losses. As mentioned, selling short can be costly if the seller has the wrong predictions about the stock price movement. When an investor buys a stock (or goes long), they stand to lose only the money that they have invested. However, when an investor short-sells, they can theoretically lose an infinite amount of money because a stock’s price can keep rising infinitely. 
• Margin requirement. Short selling also requires that you put up margin. As with a margin buy (long) transaction, the percentage required varies depending on the eligibility of particular securities.
• Margin interest incurred. Most brokers will charge their typical margin interest rates on a short position. 
• Trading restrictions. There are restrictions on the size, price and types of stocks you are able to short-sell. For example, you can’t short-sell penny stocks, and most short sales need to be done in round lots.
• Short squeezes. Sellers can get caught in a short squeeze loop if a particular stock’s price begins to skyrocket. If a stock is actively shorted with a high short float and days to cover ratio, it is also at risk of a short squeeze cycle. A short squeeze occurs when a stock starts to rise and short-sellers cover their trades by buying their short positions back. This buying can turn into a feedback loop. Demand for the shares builds up buying pressure, which pushes the stock higher, causing even more short-sellers to buy back or cover their positions.

Conclusion

When done right, short selling can give investors an opportunity to make profits in the short term. However, it should only be attempted by advanced traders due to its risk of infinite losses.

New to stock trading? Read our intro into the share trading to get started. 

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Learn the best strategies in investing and options like cryptocurrency, bonds, mutual funds, property and stock market." ["secure"]=> int(0) ["page_description"]=> string(7) "nestegg" ["page_rights"]=> NULL ["robots"]=> NULL ["access-view"]=> bool(true) } ["initialized":protected]=> bool(true) ["separator"]=> string(1) "." } ["displayDate"]=> string(19) "2021-02-02 20:00:19" ["slug"]=> string(27) "16315:what-is-short-selling" ["parent_slug"]=> string(16) "284:invest-money" ["catslug"]=> string(16) "286:stock-market" ["event"]=> object(stdClass)#5430 (3) { ["afterDisplayTitle"]=> string(0) "" ["beforeDisplayContent"]=> string(0) "" ["afterDisplayContent"]=> string(0) "" } ["text"]=> string(441) "

Short selling has been a popular strategy for stock traders who are willing to take on the risk of capital loss, but the tactic’s fame has soared in recent weeks on the back of the GameStop saga. Here’s a basic explanation about this trading strategy. 

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You may have read the term “gamma squeeze” being used frequently over the past few weeks, especially with the significant upward movement seen in shares such as GameStop. Read on to learn how this sharemarket phenomenon happens. Read on to learn how this sharemarket phenomenon happens.

Write comment (1 Comment) " ["fulltext"]=> string(4304) "

The phrase, barely seen in stock trading over the last few years, has become a term frequently scattered across both traditional and social media. 

In a gamma squeeze, the price of a stock transiently increases based on an investor buying many options to drive up the prices of select stocks due to option sellers needing to hedge their trades on the underlying stocks. 

But how does it work?

How does a gamma squeeze happen? 

When an investor buys a stock option, there’s a good chance that a market maker sold it. A market maker does what their name indicates – they create markets by selling options to people who want to buy options, and they buy options from people who want to sell them. They profit from the difference between the bid and the asking price or the spread. 

Now if a stock has several traders buying call options, because there is speculation or prediction from market analysts that the stock is going to rally, market makers will take action to hedge their risks. 

In other words, they will take action to prevent them from selling naked options (options sold without any previously set-aside shares or cash to fulfill the option obligation at expiration). These options run the risk of large loss from rapid price change before expiration.  

This is where the squeeze begins. 

Market makers will buy shares of the stock in order to protect themselves from a potentially massive loss. In other words, they will buy the underlying stock so that they have net exposure.

How many shares do they buy? 

Now we’re speaking Greek. 

Market makers base the volume of the shares they buy on the “delta” of the option they have sold. Delta is the rate of exchange of options price per the change in the underlying stock price. For example, a delta of 0.75 means that if the underlying stock’s price climbs by $1 per share, the option on it will also increase by $0.75. Delta is a linear function, meaning it will not change proportionately with a stock price. 

The higher the delta is, the more shares a market maker will need to buy to hedge their positions.

Meanwhile, gamma refers to the rate of the change of the delta. Simply put, the closer to the money the option is, the higher the gamma rate. 

Picture this scenario.

A market maker sells four out-of-the-money (OTM) calls to a retail trader. An OTM is when the call option’s strike price is higher than the current market price of the underlying stock. They buy shares based on the delta of that option to minimise their risk. A stock option that has a prevalent price point might have a delta of 0.75, while the far OTM options might have a delta of 0.50. The option purchases force the dealers to buy the underlying stock, which can push the share price higher. 

And now a loop is created. As the stock rises higher to the money, the market maker needs to buy more shares to ensure that they offset their risk or they are net flat. As mentioned, brokers and dealers are motivated by commissions and will not want to hold a trade either long or short. This causes the stock to continue rising, which is known as the gamma squeeze. 

Gamma squeezes can be significantly influential to the sharemarket when investors are buying a high volume of OTM contracts. If the stock continues to increase towards the strike price, that is when the delta acceleration (measured through gamma) is the strongest. 

Another similar phenomenon to the gamma squeeze is a short squeeze. In this scenario, short sellers frantically buy shares to close out their positions. The buying frenzy pushes the price higher, which can cause other shorts to bail on their positions, establishing a cycle of intense buying pressure. 

Conclusion

Investors who wish to personally manage their share portfolio will encounter various sharemarket metrics that can guide them in determining how a company’s share price could move. To learn more about concepts such as short floats, read here. 

 

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You may have read the term “gamma squeeze” being used frequently over the past few weeks, especially with the significant upward movement seen in shares such as GameStop. Read on to learn how this sharemarket phenomenon happens. Read on to learn how this sharemarket phenomenon happens.

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Soaring stock valuations cannot be sustained, Future Fund chair Peter Costello has warned, alerting government officials to the impacts of low interest rates on stock markets.

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The former coalition treasurer has questioned the government’s interest rate tactics, noting on Wednesday that surging technology stock valuations are not sustainable in the long term and predicting a sudden correction, which could spell the end of some of these seemingly stable tech companies.   

According to Mr Costello – who on Wednesday revealed that the Future Fund has hit a record value of $171 billion – government officials have been “pumping stock markets” by maintaining the record-low interest rates and via stimulus payments which have seen individuals turn to new trading apps.

Mr Costello opined that while tech gems have been the focus of these day traders, little attention has been paid to the future profitability of these companies.

“The fact is money is very cheap. If you can borrow at 1 per cent, the easiest thing to do is go to a stock market and look for 2 or 3 per cent,” Mr Costello said.

“I don’t know if governments realise this, but by keeping interest rates low, they are pumping stock markets. That’s the effect of what is actually happening.

“You’re getting unbelievable valuations on companies that don’t make profits,” he added.

Mr Costello's warnings coincide with a reported siege on Wall Street by amateur investors that have shaken up markets. 

According to The Financial Review, new cashed-up day traders have taken to free trading platform in search of US-listed companies, plotting their moves on Reddit and tripping up hedge funds. 

But, much like Mr Costello, experts have warned that this speculative trading will come to a teary end. 

Future Fund's successes 

Speaking about the successes of the Australian sovereign wealth fund, Mr Costello revealed a 1.7 per cent return in calendar year 2020 – short of the 6.2 per cent annual return target, but up on the negative 0.9 per cent return clocked for the fiscal year ended June 30.

“The Future Fund navigated the early market falls well, mitigating their impact on the portfolio, and performed strongly in the second half of the calendar year.

“Our investment strategy uses diversification and our long-term investment horizon to navigate the kind of market volatility we have seen and to deliver strong long-term returns without taking excessive risk. This is reflected in the 9 per cent pa returns over 10 years and the $110 billion that investment returns have added to the original contributions to the fund of $60.5 billion,” Mr Costello said.

He revealed that the fund’s growth comes solely from earnings, noting that it has not received any capital contribution since the original sums used to establish it.

“During the COVID-caused weakness in markets, we were able to build out the investment portfolios of the Future Drought Fund and the Emergency Response Fund, which have shown very strong returns as a result of the recovery that has now taken place.”

Touting future market instability, Mr Costello said that investors must remain conscious of the potential for economic, market and geopolitical shocks, particularly given that the “limited” ability for policy makers to respond with further measures.

“The extent to which the public health outlook improves, the duration of lockdowns across major economies, the recovery in the real economy, and the pathway to reducing fiscal and monetary support will impact the outlook for markets,” Mr Costello concluded.

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Investors are being warned that concerns about the sharemarket being overvalued are overblown, with microbubbles posing the imminent risk to investors, an expert has stated.

Write comment (0 Comments) " ["fulltext"]=> string(3120) "

The CEO of deVere Group, Nigel Green, said that despite global shares reaching an almost record highs on Monday, higher valuations should be expected.

He highlighted the large monetary and fiscal response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in  ultra low bond rates, and record-low interest rates which is leading to higher profits for businesses.

He also pointed out that institutions and retail investors with spare capital have little place to put their money, which is leading to a higher share prices. 

“As stocks hit historic highs, there are fears that the boom we’re currently experiencing could end in a bust, similar to the dot-com era,” Mr Green said.

“For the time being, we believe that concerns over a large stock market bubble are overblown. To understand the reasoning, we need to look at why markets are valued so high at the moment.”

However, while highlighting a market downturn is unlikely, the investor pointed out that microbubbles of a small group of stocks that consistently rush to new highs against strong fundamentals are putting investors’ capital at risk.

“Hyper growth stocks, which often lure in do-it-yourself investors with their headline-grabbing current performance, at the moment appear to have no ceiling.

“However, highly profitable incumbents in their sectors could soon bring the ‘story stocks’ back down to earth, with their valuations headed for a meaningful correction.”

Another major risk of microbubble stocks, said the deVere boss, is that they overshadow the potential of new stocks and sectors, with investors subsequently missing key low entry point opportunities.

“There are also new businesses emerging which people, including myself, see as the future. Not all of these will succeed, of course, while some will rocket,” he noted.

“Therefore, investors should work alongside a good fund manager to seek out those stocks most likely to generate and build their wealth over the long term.

The CEO believes investors today should be more worried about the microbubble instead of a macrobubble.

“Any potential bursting of bubbles is likely to be within specific stocks, so unlikely to rock the global financial markets as has happened previously – but individual investors could still be caught off guard.

“Microbubble spotting, and diversification across asset class, sector, region and even currency, should become a priority for investors right now,” he concluded.

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Learn the best strategies in investing and options like cryptocurrency, bonds, mutual funds, property and stock market." ["secure"]=> int(0) ["page_description"]=> string(7) "nestegg" ["page_rights"]=> NULL ["robots"]=> NULL ["access-view"]=> bool(true) } ["initialized":protected]=> bool(true) ["separator"]=> string(1) "." } ["displayDate"]=> string(19) "2021-01-27 00:27:44" ["slug"]=> string(43) "16285:beware-the-micro-bubbles-expert-warns" ["parent_slug"]=> string(16) "284:invest-money" ["catslug"]=> string(16) "286:stock-market" ["event"]=> object(stdClass)#5463 (3) { ["afterDisplayTitle"]=> string(0) "" ["beforeDisplayContent"]=> string(0) "" ["afterDisplayContent"]=> string(0) "" } ["text"]=> string(411) "

Investors are being warned that concerns about the sharemarket being overvalued are overblown, with microbubbles posing the imminent risk to investors, an expert has stated.

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