Invest
Survival tips for investors in fragile markets
Investment markets appear to be shifting into a fragile phase of instability and low returns, but flexible investors will still have plenty of opportunities.

Survival tips for investors in fragile markets
Investment markets appear to be shifting into a fragile phase of instability and low returns, but flexible investors will still have plenty of opportunities.

From late-2012 to mid-2015, markets were fairly stable and resilient. Simply going long in the market was amply rewarded at relatively low risk.
In this resilient state, we see evidence of the trade-off that is taught in capital markets classes and that is pervasive in financial literature: risk is generally rewarded with return. However, the risk environment that accompanies periods of low returns is generally not as well-behaved.
In a post-Brexit world, the economic landscape appears to have changed, amid evidence we have returned to a more fragile investment environment.
We see global uncertainties rising and wider dispersion of expected fiscal and monetary outcomes across the globe, which we believe to be key drivers behind this shift.
In these fragile markets, we expect to see three main characteristics:
1) Market volatility will be higher than average and unstable;
2) Extreme events, both positive and negative, will be more frequent; and
3) Market risk (beta) will not necessarily be rewarded with returns.
Fragile markets, as you can see, paint a markedly different picture from the characteristics of resilient markets. Risk is significantly higher for equities and high yield bonds, while returns are quite low.
The relationship between risk and return seems largely random, and these fragile markets appear more often than you may think, as they encompassed 167 months of the total of 312 months starting January 1990.
How should investors structure their portfolios and mandates in periods of fragile markets? What sort of investment mindset is needed during fragile times?
We make the following observations and suggest a few investment considerations, but in short, the key is adaptability.
In cases where a super fund’s portfolio cannot adapt quickly because the process of reallocating assets takes time, it may become important that at least some of the underlying managers are adaptable.
Incorporate top-down orientation
Diverging growth and monetary policy across the globe lead to dislocations and thus more opportunity for strategies with a macro framework. Rising interest rates in the US versus negative interest rates in certain other developed economies is one example of this type of divergence.
Such an environment allows for directional positioning in some areas and relative positioning in others. Idiosyncratic bets on political events such as Brexit are also fair game for macro investors.
Liquid investments are key to profiting from these conditions since investors need to be nimble – derivatives, such as equity futures and currency forwards, are typically used in these types of macro programs.
Currencies may also be also a prime source of uncorrelated return, since many macro events are reflected first in the underlying currencies of the markets in question.
Bets on political events such as Brexit, for example, can be done exclusively in liquid currency forward markets.
As for security selection, incorporating top-down views along with bottom-up analysis can become critical as securities react increasingly to macro events and less to their underlying fundamentals.
Increase active share and seek out uncorrelated returns
Don’t abandon long only, broad market, total return strategies, but closely examine and think carefully about their structure and correlation to the overall portfolio, especially to equity markets.
Incorporating total return strategies that are designed to be uncorrelated to broad market betas may also be significant contributors. As market returns can be scarce, consider loosening constraints and guidelines to allow for increased potential.
If you’re passive, go active; if you’re long only, opt for 130/30 or long/short; look for capital-efficient ways to introduce more diversifying elements into the portfolio using “portable alpha” programs.
Note, however, it is important to check that the return stream is indeed “orthogonal” to underlying market exposures, and not merely beta disguised as alpha.
If you’re a taxable investor, tax-efficient strategies become crucial in a low-return environment whether uncertainty is high or low.
Fragile markets also present an attractive time to be more tactical, there are strong runs both up and down which can last for some time, though, in the end, the cumulative return will be low.
From 2008-2012, the MSCI World Index was down 7.3 per cent. However, this included a -48.1 per cent plunge from 1/08 to 2/09, and then a 78.8 per cent rebound from 3/09 to 12/12.
Beware of the difference between “buying on the dips” and “catching a falling knife.” It’s this distinction which makes tactical trading of trends difficult, though they can be rewarding.
Consider hedging and contrarian strategies
Tail risk mitigation strategies, particularly with options, may be appropriate across the market cycle, but particularly in fragile markets – even though option prices increase due to higher volatility.
During the resilient phase of the cycle, option prices are low (due to low volatility) and primarily hedge against exogenous shocks, like the 1991 Russian coup, which are generally short-lived during this phase.
Tail risk hedging can also smooth return streams during market corrections. But the fragile market environment has a high frequency of endogenous, large tail events and extended long drawdowns.
With this in mind, it’s important for investors to either maintain their tail risk hedging programs or start them despite the increased cost of options.
If you are still concerned about cost, dynamic tail risk hedging strategies or proxy hedging through currency or bond investments may be rational.
Global market regions, asset classes and instruments that are being ignored presently may also provide another avenue to harness returns. Emerging markets and commodities are two such areas.
Conversely, stay away from overly crowded trades and assets. If you think the crowd is always wrong, then periods of high uncertainty tend to be the best times to be a contrarian since that’s when investors often make mistakes.
In summary, fragile market states are typically the most difficult for investors and require the flexibility to quickly adapt to changing market conditions. Those who don’t adapt will likely be left behind.
Ed Peters, First Quadrant LP’s partner, investments.

Stock market
Markets succumb to jitters as US CPI maintains strength
Following a slight drop of 0.2 per cent in the United States inflation rate, the latest US April consumer price index (CPI) data indicating higher than expected figures has triggered a fall in the US ...Read more

Stock market
Qantas forecasts return to profitability, announces ultra-long flights
Qantas expects its net debt to condense from $5.5 billion at the end of 2021 to $4.5 billion at the end of April following a period of sustained recovery in travel demand. ...Read more

Stock market
Headwinds to outnumber tailwinds in 2022
Headwinds are likely to outnumber tailwinds in 2022 as the world continues to readjust to the post-pandemic era, one expert has said. ...Read more

Stock market
Aussies can now net frequent flyer points by trading stocks
Superhero is looking to sweeten the deal for traders who are excited for the return of international travel. ...Read more

Stock market
Facebook debuts new name
Zuck gets meta. ...Read more

Stock market
2 big questions investors should ask as Australia reopens
Investors need to stop thinking about how to profit from the mineral sector’s struggles, and start looking at when the best time to ride the recovery will be. ...Read more

Stock market
Trading app popularity skyrockets as retail sector booms
In 2021, trading has never been easier for retail investors, meaning the number of users on trading applications has exploded to an all-time high. ...Read more

Stock market
ETF rush predicted to intensify
The Australian ETF sector advanced AU$6.3 billion in August to hit a new milestone, as its popularity among financial advisers soared. ...Read more

Wrapping up an eventful 2021
Listen now

What Omicron means for property, and are units right for first-time buyers? What is equity crowdfunding? Are industry super funds tapping into member funds to save their skins?
Listen now

Will housing affordability improve in 2022? Will buy now, pay later become the norm? Why are Aussies staying in failing super products?
Listen now

Who really benefits from crypto ETFs? How will the RBA respond to rising inflation? Could a mandate help address unpaid super?
Listen now

Stock market
Markets succumb to jitters as US CPI maintains strength
Following a slight drop of 0.2 per cent in the United States inflation rate, the latest US April consumer price index (CPI) data indicating higher than expected figures has triggered a fall in the US ...Read more

Stock market
Qantas forecasts return to profitability, announces ultra-long flights
Qantas expects its net debt to condense from $5.5 billion at the end of 2021 to $4.5 billion at the end of April following a period of sustained recovery in travel demand. ...Read more

Stock market
Headwinds to outnumber tailwinds in 2022
Headwinds are likely to outnumber tailwinds in 2022 as the world continues to readjust to the post-pandemic era, one expert has said. ...Read more

Stock market
Aussies can now net frequent flyer points by trading stocks
Superhero is looking to sweeten the deal for traders who are excited for the return of international travel. ...Read more

Stock market
Facebook debuts new name
Zuck gets meta. ...Read more

Stock market
2 big questions investors should ask as Australia reopens
Investors need to stop thinking about how to profit from the mineral sector’s struggles, and start looking at when the best time to ride the recovery will be. ...Read more

Stock market
Trading app popularity skyrockets as retail sector booms
In 2021, trading has never been easier for retail investors, meaning the number of users on trading applications has exploded to an all-time high. ...Read more

Stock market
ETF rush predicted to intensify
The Australian ETF sector advanced AU$6.3 billion in August to hit a new milestone, as its popularity among financial advisers soared. ...Read more