The market might be looking precarious at the moment, but there are some key investing rules to guide investors through volatile periods.
Rule one: Diversify
The first rule is easy and one we hear about all the time: diversify. All that stuff about eggs and baskets is absolutely true. By having a series of small bets running simultaneously, you minimise the likelihood of a really bad result.
Even when you only have a small amount to invest, you need to diversify. How?
Over time, one of the best-performing asset classes are shares, especially for those on lower marginal tax rates, which benefit the most from the franking of dividends (see rule two below). Shares are easy to buy and sell, and there is a variety of different share types, depending on your risk appetite and goals.
There are growth shares that don’t pay much of a dividend but whose prices rise solidly over time. There are dividend yielding shares which work well for retirees because of the tax-free benefit of franked dividends, as well as consumer staples, often called defensives, because they hold up well in bad times. Not forgetting new issues, known at IPOs or Initial Public Offerings, where a company sells its equity to the public for the first time.
A careful crack at a few new floats isn’t the worst way to find out how the stock market operates. The Australian Initial Public Offerings market delivered strong gains in the second quarter of 2016, with returns from the 21 companies listing on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) striking 33.5 per cent, a strong outperformance of the S&P/ASX 200, which rose just 3.0 per cent. Diversifying into IPOs can be a great wealth generation strategy.
Rule two: Go for fully franked dividends
The tax system encourages share ownership. Franked dividends have a franking credit attached to them which represents the amount of tax the company has already paid. If a company has already paid tax on its profits (from which dividends are paid) at a rate of 30 per cent, shareholders don’t have to pay tax again on those dividends. That means that if a bank, for example, is paying a fully franked dividend yield of, say 6 per cent on its shares, the return for investors might be as high as 8 per cent after you get a tax credit from the company for tax already paid on that dividend. In today’s low interest rate environment, that’s gold dust.
The most popular shares in Australia for this are the big four banks and Telstra, offering yields between 5.5 per cent and 8 per cent. That’s a very decent return, and the bonus is that Telstra shares are considered defensive and such securities tend to hold their value even if there is an economic downturn.
Rule three: Don’t overstretch yourself on property
Don’t overstretch yourself on property when there’s a chance interest rates will rise. That’s where we are at the moment. Interest rates are at historic lows and that’s been exciting investors who have been buying up property. Rates aren’t going to go up much any time soon, but when they do, so will mortgage repayments – and property prices could fall. While interest rate cuts fuel property values, interest rate rises could eat away the gains as demand for property drops off.
Rule four: Think with your head, not your heart
A golden rule is don’t get emotional and sell off assets when the market drops. Stay calm and think before you press the sell button. If you have a portfolio that you bought when you were in a calm and rational state, stick with it when markets are volatile. A market crash could be the worst time to sell because you may seal losses. This is when bargains emerge so it may in fact be the best time to buy. In contrast, when markets are rallying, that’s the best time to sell and take profits before they evaporate, rather than following the pack and buying up overpriced shares.
Rule five: Take your portfolio online
Find out how the share market works and bear in mind that the costs of buying and selling shares are lower now than they have ever been in Australia thanks to the rise of online trading. Focus initially on buying shares that won’t suddenly let you down. Don’t go for anything that looks too good to be true as it usually is.
Tim Eisenhauer is managing director at OnMarket BookBuilds
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